基于全国各省的太阳能辐射数据,深入分析光电催化直接制氢和光伏电解间接制氢两种技术在不同地理区域的适应性和效率变化。通过综合评估全年辐照度、日照时长、波长分布及昼夜变化等关键因素,揭示了不同辐射条件对制氢效率的影响。首先,光电催化剂的性能取决于吸收波长范围,不同催化剂在光谱中的吸收效率差异显著,TiO2的实际制氢能力稳定,因环境友好、高稳定性和低成本成为当前的主力。通过与CdS催化剂制氢能力的对比,TiO2需通过改性等手段,进一步扩大可吸收波长范围,提高反应效率,进而提升可见光利用率,以适应工业化需求。其次,太阳辐射的季节性波动会影响光电催化剂的制氢能力,夏季制氢量最高,冬季最低,通过优化催化剂可提升全年制氢效率。光伏制氢在所有季节中均优于光电催化,特别在夏季,协同光伏与光电催化技术可最大化太阳能利用率,平衡季节性波动影响。分析表明,西部和南部地区,特别是西藏等地的太阳辐照度与制氢能力最高。未来,需深入研究光电催化剂优化与光伏发电协同制氢,以实现更高效的、更低成本的氢能生产。
Abstract
This study investigates the adaptability and efficiency variations of two hydrogen production technologies, direct photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production and indirect photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production, across diverse geographical regions, utilizing solar radiation data from various provinces. By systematically assessing key factors including annual radiation intensity, daylight duration, wavelength distribution, and diurnal variations, the study elucidates the impact of differing radiation conditions on hydrogen production efficiency. The performance of photoelectrocatalysts is contingent upon their absorption wavelength range. Significant variations in absorption efficiency across the spectrum are observed among different catalysts. TiO2 stands out for its stable hydrogen production capabilities, attributed to its environmental friendliness, high stability, and low cost, positioning it as the current predominant catalyst. A comparative analysis with CdS catalysts reveals that TiO2 necessitates modifications to broaden its absorption wavelength range, enhance reaction efficiency, and improve the utilization of visible light. Seasonal fluctuations in solar radiation influence the hydrogen production capabilities of photoelectrocatalysts. Hydrogen production reaches its zenith in summer and is at its nadir in winter. Optimizing the catalysts can bolster hydrogen production efficiency year-round. Photovoltaic hydrogen production consistently outperforms photoelectrocatalysis across all seasons, particularly in summer. Integrating photovoltaic and photoelectrocatalytic technologies can optimize solar energy utilization and mitigate seasonal variations. Regions in the west and south, notably areas such as Tibet, exhibit the highest solar radiation and hydrogen production potential. Future research should concentrate on refining photoelectrocatalysts and synergizing photovoltaic power generation with hydrogen production to achieve more efficient and cost-effective hydrogen energy production.
关键词
太阳能 /
太阳能辐射 /
光催化 /
光伏技术 /
制氢
Key words
solar energy /
solar radiation /
photocatalysis /
photovoltaic technology /
hydrogen production
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参考文献
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基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U24B6017）; 国家留学基金委公派留学项目（202206450064）
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