黄土中风电扩底桩基础-塔筒的随机加载装置与模型试验研究

张勋; 刘佳; 徐洪呈; 姚文博

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-2108

PDF(3626 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 606-615. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-2108

黄土中风电扩底桩基础-塔筒的随机加载装置与模型试验研究

张勋, 刘佳, 徐洪呈, 姚文博

作者信息 +

STOCHASTIC LOADING DEVICE AND MODEL TEST ON BELLED PILE FONDATION AND TOWER OF WIND TURBINES IN LOESS

Zhang Xun, Liu Jia, Xu Hongcheng, Yao Wenbo

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对因缺乏模拟加载装置而无法准确分析长期随机风载作用引起的风电桩基础及结构累积变形问题,自主研发一套液压自动控制的随机风载模拟加载装置,通过开展1g（g为重力加速度）缩尺模型试验验证该装置的加载性能,并分析黄土中风电扩底桩基础-塔筒的累积变形响应规律及其影响因素的作用机制。试验结果表明,模拟加载装置能长期稳定的输出与理论计算曲线吻合程度高的随机荷载,选定液压作动器作动杆质量决定的惯性所引起的加载误差受低风速的影响较大,而受加载频率的影响很小;黄土中扩底桩基础顶部水平累积位移及竖向累积沉降均在随机加载初期快速增加之后逐渐趋于稳定且随平均风速的增大而显著增大,但加载频率的变化对其影响相对较小;不同平均风速及加载频率下,塔筒顶与扩底桩基础顶水平累积位移的变化正相关,但其初始上升阶段水平累积位移幅值以及稳定阶段水平累积位移增幅的变化特征受桩-土相互作用以及平均风速、加载频率的影响有明显差异。

Abstract

In the field of wind turbine engineering, the accurate analysis of the cumulative deformation of pile foundations and structures under long-term stochastic wind loads has been hindered by the absence of an appropriate simulation loading apparatus. To fill this gap, a novel hydraulic-actuated device with automatic control capabilities for simulating stochastic wind loads is designed and developed. A 1g reduced scale model test is conducted to comprehensively verify the loading performance of the proposed device, and to deeply analyze the cumulative deformation response of the belled pile foundation and tower, as well as to explore the action mechanism of various influencing factors. The test results demonstrate that the designed simulated loading device can stably output long - term stochastic loads. The output load shows a high degree of consistency with the theoretical calculation curve. Regarding the loading error caused by the inertia of the actuator rod of the selected hydraulic actuator, it is significantly affected by low wind speeds, while the impact of the loading frequency on this error is negligible. For the belled pile foundation in loess, the lateral cumulative displacement and vertical cumulative settlement at the top increase rapidly in the initial stage of stochastic loading and then gradually reach a stable state. These deformation values increase dramatically with the rise in wind speed, whereas the changes in deformation due to variations in frequency are extremely small. Under different average wind speeds and loading frequencies, the variations in the lateral cumulative displacement at the top of the tower and the belled pile foundation are positively correlated. However, due to the influence of pile - soil interaction, as well as the changes in mean wind speed and loading frequency, the amplitude of the lateral cumulative displacement during the initial rising stage and the variation characteristics of the increase in lateral cumulative displacement during the stable stage are significantly different.

导出引用

张勋, 刘佳, 徐洪呈, 姚文博. 黄土中风电扩底桩基础-塔筒的随机加载装置与模型试验研究[J]. 太阳能学报. 2026, 47(2): 606-615 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-2108

Zhang Xun, Liu Jia, Xu Hongcheng, Yao Wenbo. STOCHASTIC LOADING DEVICE AND MODEL TEST ON BELLED PILE FONDATION AND TOWER OF WIND TURBINES IN LOESS[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(2): 606-615 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-2108

中图分类号： TU411

参考文献

[1] 柳涛, 秦梦飞, 施伟. 基于离心机实验的海上风力机大直径单桩桩土作用研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(8): 537-545.
LIU T, QIN M F, SHI W.Soil-structure interaction analysis of large-diameter monopile of offshore wind turbine based on centrifugal model test[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(8): 537-545.
[2] 王海宇, 沈侃敏, 贺瑞, 等. 海床加固对海上风电单桩基础的动力特性影响[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(6): 607-618.
WANG H Y, SHEN K M, HE R, et al.Effect of shallow seabed reinforce on dynamic properties of monopile offshore wind turbine foundation[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(6): 607-618.
[3] 俞剑, 黄茂松, 张陈蓉. 黏土中两种不同直径单桩水平循环加载模型试验与分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(4): 973-980.
YU J, HUANG M S, ZHANG C R.Model tests and analysis of single piles with two different diameters subjected to cyclic lateral loadings in clay[J]. Rock and soil mechanics, 2016, 37(4): 973-980.
[4] ZHANG C R, ZHANG X, HUANG M S, et al.Responses of caisson-piles foundations to long-term cyclic lateral load and scouring[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2019, 119: 62-74.
[5] LIAO W M, ZHANG J J, WU J B, et al.Response of flexible monopile in marine clay under cyclic lateral load[J]. Ocean engineering, 2018, 147: 89-106.
[6] LAI Y Q, WANG L Z, HONG Y, et al.Centrifuge modeling of the cyclic lateral behavior of large-diameter monopiles in soft clay: effects of episodic cycling and reconsolidation[J]. Ocean engineering, 2020, 200: 107048.
[7] FRICK D, ACHMUS M.An experimental study on the parameters affecting the cyclic lateral response of monopiles for offshore wind turbines in sand[J]. Soils and foundations, 2020, 60(6): 1570-1587.
[8] 潘志杰, 牛壮壮, 俞剑, 等. 冲刷条件下砂土中单桩水平循环加载模型试验[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2021, 17(6): 1875-1880, 1905.
PAN Z J, NIU Z Z, YU J, et al.Lateral cyclic loading model test of monopile in sand soil under scour condition[J]. Chinese journal of underground space and engineering, 2021, 17(6): 1875-1880, 1905.
[9] 张纪蒙, 张陈蓉, 张凯. 砂土中大直径单桩水平循环加载模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2021, 42(3): 783-789.
ZHANG J M, ZHANG C R, ZHANG K.Model tests of large-diameter single pile under horizontal cyclic loading in sand[J]. Rock and soil mechanics, 2021, 42(3): 783-789.
[10] 王洋, 竺明星, 龚维明, 等. 水平循环荷载引起的砂土沉陷-致密作用对刚性桩承载力的影响分析[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 51(6): 996-1001.
WANG Y, ZHU M X, GONG W M, et al.Influence analysis of sand subsidence and densification caused by lateral cyclic loading on bearing capacity of rigid piles[J]. Journal of Southeast University(natural science edition), 2021, 51(6): 996-1001.
[11] BASACK S, KARAMI M, KARAKOUZIAN M.Pile-soil interaction under cyclic lateral load in loose sand: Experimental and numerical evaluations[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2022, 162: 107439.
[12] 袁炳祥, 李志杰, 陈伟杰, 等. 基于PIV技术与分形理论的桩-土系统水平循环受荷模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(2): 466-482.
YUAN B X, LI Z J, CHEN W J, et al.Experimental study on lateral cyclic loading model of pile-soil system based on PIV technique and fractal theory[J]. Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, 2023, 42(2): 466-482.
[13] 曹光伟, 丁选明, 张鼎新, 等. 水平循环荷载下软黏土大直径单桩承载性状离心机模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2023, 45(8): 1574-1585.
CAO G W, DING X M, ZHANG D X, et al.Bearing behaviors of large-diameter monopiles in soft clay under horizontal cyclic loading based on centrifugal model tests[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2023, 45(8): 1574-1585.
[14] 高鲁超, 戴国亮, 张继生, 等. 软黏土大直径单桩水平循环加载离心机模型试验[J]. 岩土力学, 2024, 45(8): 2411-2420.
GAO L C, DAI G L, ZHANG J S, et al.Centrifugal model tests on lateral cyclic loading behavior of large-diameter monopiles in soft clay[J]. Rock and soil mechanics, 2024, 45(8): 2411-2420.
[15] 王修琼, 崔剑峰. Davenport谱中系数K的计算公式及其工程应用[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30(7): 849-852.
WANG X Q, CUI J F.Formula of coefficient K in expression of davenport spectrum and its engineering application[J]. Journal of Tongji University(natural science), 2002, 30(7): 849-852.
[16] 刘锡良, 周颖. 风荷载的几种模拟方法[J]. 工业建筑, 2005, 35(5): 81-84.
LIU X L, ZHOU Y.Numerical simulation methods of wind load[J]. Industrial construction, 2005, 35(5): 81-84.
[17] 程华, 钟华生, 周凌, 等. 脉动风速时程数值模拟[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2016, 37(4): 143-148.
CHENG H, ZHONG H S, ZHOU L, et al.Numerical simulation of fluctuating wind velocity time series[J]. Journal of ordnance equipment engineering, 2016, 37(4): 143-148.
[18] BISOI S, HALDAR S.Dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbine in clay considering soil-monopile-tower interaction[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2014, 63: 19-35.
[19] 杨宇友, 张钦喜, 张在明, 等. 量纲分析法在土工模型试验中的应用[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2009, 35(6): 785-789.
YANG Y Y, ZHANG Q X, ZHANG Z M, et al.The application of dimensional analysis in model experiment of geotechnical engineering[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2009, 35(6): 785-789.
[20] ZHANG X L, XUE J Y, HAN Y, et al.Model test study on horizontal bearing behavior of pile under existing vertical load[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2021, 147: 106820.
[21] 江杰, 付臣志, 柴文成, 等. 砂土地基中桩顶竖向-水平加载路径下柔性单桩水平承载力分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(5): 1375-1384.
JIANG J, FU C Z, CHAI W C, et al.Analysis of lateral bearing capacity of flexible single pile under vertical-horizontal loading path in sand foundation[J]. Rock and soil mechanics, 2023, 44(5): 1375-1384.
[22] 边学成, 卢文博, 蒋红光, 等. 粉土循环累积应变和残余动模量的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2013, 34(4): 974-980.
BIAN X C, LU W B, JIANG H G, et al.Experimental study of cumulative axial strain and residual dynamic modulus of silt soil[J]. Rock and soil mechanics, 2013, 34(4): 974-980.