模拟飞车工况一直是风力机颤振边界预测的主要手段之一,但该方法应用于非线性特性强烈的百米级以上长柔叶片的有效性需要检验。以IEA 15 MW风力机叶片为研究对象,建立叶片气弹系统动力学模型,对模拟飞车工况的气弹响应进行分析,并与定边界条件下数值模拟得到的预测颤振边界进行对比。结果显示,虽最终预测的叶片颤振特征一致,但采用模拟飞车工况方法预测的失控颤振边界显著滞后于定边界条件计算工况下的预测结果。进一步分析发现,模拟飞车工况下,在风轮转速失稳前叶片已处于气弹失稳状态,该过程中由于风轮转速上升吸收了大量能量,延缓了叶片振幅的积累,叶片仅以1阶挥舞模态的形式小幅振动并缓慢增强,直至达到失控颤振边界后振动在短时间内迅速发散。
Abstract
Under the large-scale development trend of wind turbines, the flexibility of blades increases and the flutter margin decreases. The possible flutter problems have become an important consideration in the safety design of wind turbines. Simulating runaway conditions has always been one of the main approaches for predicting the flutter boundary of wind turbines. However, the validity of this method when applied to the strongly nonlinear characteristics of long and flexible blades over 100 meters in length requires examination. In this paper, the IEA 15 MW wind turbine blade is taken as the research object, and a dynamic model of the blade's aeroelastic system is established. The aeroelastic response under the simulated runaway conditions is analyzed and compared with the predicted flutter boundary obtained through numerical simulation under fixed boundary conditions. The results indicate that although the final predicted flutter characteristics of the blade are consistent, the predicted flutter boundary obtained by simulating the runaway conditions is significantly lags behind the prediction results under fixed boundary conditions. Further analysis reveals that under the simulated runaway conditions, the blades were already in an aeroelastic instability state before the instability of the wind turbine rotor speed occurred. During this process, the increase in the rotor speed absorbed a significant amount of energy, which delayed the accumulation of the blade flutter amplitude. The blades merely vibrated slightly in the form of the 1st flap mode and strengthened slowly until the vibration rapidly diverged within a short period of time after reaching the uncontrollable flutter boundary.
关键词
风力机 /
叶片 /
气动弹性 /
颤振边界 /
叶素动量理论 /
几何精确梁
Key words
wind turbines /
blades /
aeroelasticity /
flutter boundary /
blade element momentum theory /
geometrically exact beam
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] HANSEN M H.Aeroelastic instability problems for wind turbines[J]. Wind energy, 2007, 10(6): 551-577.
[2] POURAZARM P, MODARRES-SADEGHI Y, LACKNER M.A parametric study of coupled-mode flutter for MW-size wind turbine blades[J]. Wind energy, 2016, 19(3): 497-514.
[3] REPORT S, GRIFFITH D T, ASHWILL T D.The Sandia 100-meter all-glass baseline wind turbine blade: SNL100-00[R]. Springfield, VA: Sandia National Laboratories, 2011: 1-62.
[4] WANG L, LIU X W, KOLIOS A.State of the art in the aeroelasticity of wind turbine blades: aeroelastic modelling[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2016, 64: 195-210.
[5] SHAKYA P, SUNNY M R, MAITI D K.Nonlinear flutter analysis of a bend-twist coupled composite wind turbine blade in time domain[J]. Composite structures, 2022, 284: 115216.
[6] 黄俊东, 夏鸿建, 李德源, 等. 大型风力机柔性叶片非线性气弹模态分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(14): 180-187.
HUANG J D, XIA H J, LI D Y, et al.Nonlinear aeroelastic modal analysis of large wind turbine flexible blades[J]. Journal of mechanical engineering, 2020, 56(14): 180-187.
[7] FARSADI T, KAYRAN A.Classical flutter analysis of composite wind turbine blades including compressibility[J]. Wind energy, 2021, 24(1): 69-91.
[8] HAYAT K, DE LECEA A G M, MORIONES C D, et al. Flutter performance of bend-twist coupled large-scale wind turbine blades[J]. Journal of sound and vibration, 2016, 370: 149-162.
[9] 高龙, 林立辉, 杨宛生, 等. 大型柔性风电叶片气弹响应分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(8): 572-580.
GAO L, LIN L H, YANG W S, et al.Aeroelastic response analysis of large flexible wind turbine blades[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(8): 572-580.
[10] 夏煜盛. 大型背风式风力机叶片预弯型线与降载优化研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2024.
XIA Y S.Load reduction and blade pre-bend optimization research of large downwind turbine[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2024.
[11] ZHOU X D, HUANG K F, LI Z.Effects of bend-twist coupling on flutter limits of composite wind turbine blades[J]. Composite structures, 2018, 192: 317-326.
[12] 戴丽萍, 白雪峰, 王晓东, 等. 大型风力机叶片颤振边界的预测分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(9): 2357-2362.
DAI L P, BAI X F, WANG X D, et al.Prediction and analysis of blade flutter boundary of large wind turbine[J]. Journal of engineering thermophysics, 2022, 43(9): 2357-2362.
[13] BORTOLOTTI P, CHETAN M, BRANLARD E, et al.Wind turbine aeroelastic stability in OpenFAST[J]. Journal of physics: conference series, 2024, 2767(2): 022018.
[14] 陈佳慧, 王同光. 偏航状态下的风力机叶片气弹响应计算[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2011, 43(5): 629-634.
CHEN J H, WANG T G.Aeroelastic responses calculation of wind turbine blade in yaw condition[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2011, 43(5): 629-634.
[15] WANG Q, SPRAGUE M A, JONKMAN J, et al.BeamDyn: a high-fidelity wind turbine blade solver in the FAST modular framework[J]. Wind energy, 2017, 20(8): 1439-1462.
[16] GAERTNER E, RINKER J M, SETHURAMAN L, et al.IEA wind TCP task 37: definition of the IEA 15-megawatt offshore reference wind turbine[R]. National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO(United States), 2020.
[17] LOUBEYRES J, PFISTER J L, BLONDEL F, et al.Stall flutter instabilities on the IEA-15 reference wind turbine in idling conditions: code-to-code comparisons and physical analyses[J]. Journal of physics: conference series, 2022, 2265(3): 032019.
[18] QIAN X H, ZHANG B X, GAO Z T, et al.Flutter limit optimization of offshore wind turbine blades considering different control and structural parameters[J]. Ocean engineering, 2024, 310: 118558.
[19] 田德, 李贝, 吴晓璇, 等. 风轮不平衡载荷下超大型风电机组叶片颤振极限研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(2): 198-205.
TIAN D, LI B, WU X X, et al.Study on flutter limit of ultra-large wind turbine blades under rotor imbalance loads[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(2): 198-205.
[20] LI B, TIAN D, WU X X, et al.The impact of bend-twist coupling on structural characteristics and flutter limit of ultra-long flexible wind turbine composite blades[J]. Energies, 2023, 16(15): 5829.
[21] RINKER J, GAERTNER E, ZAHLE F, et al.Comparison of loads from HAWC2 and OpenFAST for the IEA wind 15 MW reference wind turbine[J]. Journal of physics: conference series, 2020, 1618(5): 052052.
基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFB4203100）; 15 MW 级海上风电机组关键技术研究与应用——海上风电叶片结构建模与运动响应计算项目（202303070）
PDF(2952 KB)
