提出并设计一种磁吸摩擦触发装置,其原理是利用旋转磁铁对置于过冷水合盐溶液中的两个钢球施加磁场,使得两钢球绕接触点扭转,钢球间的摩擦导致过冷水合盐结晶。通过测定诱导时间、释热温度研究不同磁感应强度、不同电机转速及三水醋酸钠（SAT）和五水硫代硫酸钠（STP）不同质量比混合组成的二元体系（SAT-STP）触发凝固释热特性的影响。结果表明,磁吸摩擦是一种简单、快速且有效的触发方法,磁感应强度越大,对应的诱导时间越短,该方法可在2 min内触发过冷SAT-STP凝固释能;随着STP在SAT-STP样品中所占比例的增大,样品黏度增大,诱导时间延长,磁吸摩擦触发装置难以触发配比为75∶25的样品;改变电机转速对触发SAT凝固释热影响不大。
Abstract
A magnetic friction triggering device is proposed and designed. The principle is to exert a magnetic field onto two steel balls placed in supercooled hydrated salt with a rotating magnet. The two steel balls will twist around the contact point, and the friction between the steel balls leads to crystallization of supercooled hydrated salt. By measuring induction period and discharging temperature, the effects of different magnetic induction intensities, motor rotation speed and different proportions of sodium acetate trihydrate （SAT） and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate （STP） on the discharging performances of the binary system （SAT-STP） were examined. The results show that magnetic friction is a simple, rapid and effective triggering method. The greater the magnetic induction intensity is, the shorter is the induction period. The method can activate the crystallization of supercooled SAT-STP within 2 min. With the increase of the STP content in the SAT-STP sample, the mixture viscosity increases, then the induction period becomes longer, and the magnetic friction triggering device cannot even trigger the sample with the ratio of 75：25. Changing rotation speed has little effect on triggering SAT crystallization and heat release.
关键词
触发凝固 /
二元混合物 /
稳定过冷 /
磁吸摩擦 /
三水醋酸钠 /
五水硫代硫酸钠
Key words
triggering crystallization /
binary mixture /
stable supercooling /
magnetic friction /
sodium acetate trihydrate /
sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate
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基金
北京市自然科学基金（L212068; 3192034）
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