为探究不同胶膜材料的光伏组件中硅电池片隐裂发生机理,利用扩展有限元法实现三维全尺寸光伏组件中硅电池片上微裂纹扩展行为的数值模拟,并通过已有实验结果验证所建立数值模型的准确性,研究在均布外载荷下EVA和POE两种胶膜材料对硅电池抗裂性能的影响。数值结果表明：与EVA材料相比,采用POE材料的光伏组件中应力分布更均匀,局部应力集中较少,电池片平均应力更低,可降低裂纹萌生机率;通过在电池片中预置初始裂纹,对比EVA和POE两种胶膜材料光伏组件内中、高应力区电池片的裂纹扩展过程发现,在高应力区域,采用POE材料的光伏组件中电池片裂纹面积约为采用EVA材料时的1/2,且裂纹扩展时间有所延迟。对比结果表明,POE材料具有更优的韧性和抗裂能力,可有效延缓裂纹扩展,对抑制光伏组件隐裂的发生效果更佳。
Abstract
A numerical model was set up based on extended finite element method （XFEM） to investigate the mechanism of microcracks in silicon cells of photovoltaic （PV） modules with different adhesive films. The three-dimensional numerical model of photovoltaic modules was validated by existing experimental results. The influence of two different adhesive films, EVA and POE, on the microcrack propagation of photovoltaic modules under uniformly distributed external loads was studied with the validated numerical model. This study shows that： the photovoltaic module with POE material exhibits a more uniform stress distribution, less localized stress concentration and lower average stress in the silicon cells in comparison with EVA, which would reduce the probability of the appearance of initial cracks. The crack propagation process in the silicon cells located in the medium and high-stress zones is investigated by introducing an initial crack. For the silicon cells in the high-stress areas, the crack area in the silicon cell with POE material is approximately half of that with EVA material. The POE material delays the crack propagation significantly. The comparison results indicate that POE material exhibits better toughness and crack resistance, which is a more effective solution for suppressing the appearance of microcracks in photovoltaic modules.
关键词
光伏组件 /
微裂纹 /
裂纹扩展 /
胶膜材料 /
扩展有限元
Key words
photovoltaic modules /
microcracks /
crack propagation /
adhesive films /
extended finite element method （XFEM）
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52178128）; 山东省高校青创团队计划（2022KJ081）; 双一流学科建设基金（2023SYLCB04）
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