基于六自由度运动控制平台,开展附加垂荡运动的漂浮式模型风力机风洞实验研究,探究不同垂荡幅值和频率对风力机塔顶载荷特性的影响规律。结果表明：塔顶载荷波动主要由运动惯性载荷和气动载荷变化主导,其中低频段主要受垂荡频率及其倍频调制,高频段则具有明显的风轮旋转频率及其倍频特征;小幅值运动时,气动载荷影响更为显著,叶片受尾涡干扰明显,适当增大垂荡幅值可有效削弱塔顶载荷波动强度;宏观上,垂荡运动的幅值和频率越大,塔顶载荷波动越剧烈;值得注意的是,在工程应用中需重点关注极端工况下垂荡频率倍频与风轮旋转频率耦合效应带来的潜在共振风险。
Abstract
Based on a six-degree-of-freedom motion control platform, a wind tunnel experiment was conducted on a floating model wind turbine with imposed heave motions. In particular, the study investigated the impact of different motion amplitudes and frequencies on the load characteristics at the turbine's tower top. The results indicate that the fluctuations in tower top loads are primarily governed by changes in both motion-induced inertial loads and aerodynamic loads. Specifically, in the low-frequency domain, load fluctuations are mainly modulated by the heave frequency and its harmonics, while in the high-frequency range, there are evident signatures of the rotor's rotational frequency and its harmonics. Under small-amplitude motions, the influence of aerodynamic loads is more pronounced, with significant blade interference from trailing vortices. Interestingly, an appropriately moderate increase in heave amplitude can actually reduce the intensity of load fluctuations. However, from a broader perspective, as the amplitude and frequency of heave motion increase, the fluctuations in tower top loads become more intense. It is worth noting that in engineering applications, attention should be paid to the potential resonance risks arising from the coupling effect between harmonics of the heave frequency and the rotor's rotational frequency under extreme conditions.
关键词
载荷 /
风洞 /
塔架 /
漂浮式风力机 /
垂荡运动
Key words
loads /
wind tunnels /
towers /
floating wind turbines /
heave motion
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52106239）; 江苏省自然科学基金（BK20210370）; 中央高校基本科研业务费项目（B220202001）; 风电设备及控制国家重点实验室开放基金（FDKT2020-01）
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