针对三相电网电压不平衡导致的直流-交流功率耦合问题,使质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）输出电流出现低频脉动,并引起交流侧并网电流畸变的现象,该文提出一种改进超螺旋滑模控制的综合控制策略,旨在消除燃料电池输出电流的脉动并降低并网电流的总谐波畸变率。在该控制策略中,DC-DC变换器采用基于非线性状态观测器的超螺旋滑模控制,增强对非线性扰动和燃料电池温度波动的适应能力;在DC-AC逆变器控制中,应用了改进的超螺旋滑模趋近率滑模控制以适应电网电压的不平衡情况,增强系统鲁棒性。仿真结果显示,该控制策略显著提升系统的动态响应和稳态性能,相较传统滑模控制,能有效减少电流脉动,降低有功功率波动,验证其在不平衡电网条件下的控制有效性。
Abstract
Unbalanced three-phase grid voltage causes a coupling effect between DC and AC power, leading to low-frequency pulsation in the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）, which distorts the grid-connected current. This issue not only affects the power quality but also negatively impacts the overall efficiency and stability of the energy conversion system. To address this issue, this paper proposes a comprehensive control strategy based on improved super-twisting sliding mode control（STSMC）, aiming to eliminate the fuel cell output current pulsation and reduce the total harmonic distortion （THD） of the grid-connected current. The proposed control strategy includes a DC-DC converter employing STSMC combined with a nonlinear state observer to ensure rapid response to disturbances in the fuel cell. Additionally, for the DC-AC inverter, an improved super-twisting sliding mode control strategy is applied, incorporating an enhanced reaching law to adapt to unbalanced grid-voltage conditions, thereby improving system robustness. By doing so, the sliding mode controller reduces coupling between active and reactive power, thereby maintaining stability despite grid voltage variations.
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池 /
电力系统控制 /
滑模控制 /
电网电压不平衡
Key words
proton exchange membrane fuel cell /
electric power system control /
sliding mode control /
grid imbalance voltage imbalance
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 刘述奎, 韩莹, 李奇, 等. 基于双二阶广义积分锁相环的燃料电池并网系统研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2014, 42(5): 122-128.
LIU S K, HAN Y, LI Q, et al.Fuel cell grid-connected system based on dual second order generalized integrator phase locked loop[J]. Power system protection and control, 2014, 42(5): 122-128.
[2] 李周华, 陈迟, 刘斌. 基于模型预测控制的不平衡电网电压下三相燃料电池并网发电系统功率解耦控制策略[J]. 可再生能源, 2023, 41(11): 1504-1511.
LI Z H, CHEN C, LIU B.Power decoupling control strategy for three-phase grid-tied fuel cell system under unbalanced grid voltages with improved model predictive control[J]. Renewable energy resources, 2023, 41(11): 1504-1511.
[3] YILMAZ U, TURKSOY O.Artificial intelligence based active and reactive power control method for single-phase grid connected hydrogen fuel cell systems[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2023, 48(21): 7866-7883.
[4] JYOTHEESWARA REDDY K, SUDHAKAR N.A new RBFN based MPPT controller for grid-connected PEMFC system with high step-up three-phase IBC[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2018, 43(37): 17835-17848.
[5] KANOUNI B, BADOUD A E, MEKHILEF S.A multi-objective model predictive current control with two-step horizon for double-stage grid-connected inverter PEMFC system[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2022, 47(4): 2685-2707.
[6] RASEKH N, HOSSEINPOUR M.LCL filter design and robust converter side current feedback control for grid-connected proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2020, 45(23): 13055-13067.
[7] GUO X X, GHADIMI N.Optimal design of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell connected to the network utilizing an improved version of the metaheuristic algorithm[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(18): 13877.
[8] XU J H, ZHANG B X, YAN H Z, et al.Sliding mode-extended state observer control strategy to improve energy transfer of PEMFC connected DC-DC boost converter system[J]. Sustainable energy technologies and assessments, 2024, 63: 103654.
[9] 陶海军, 赵蒙恩, 郑征, 等. 基于回流功率优化的直流微网DC-DC变流器超螺旋滑模控制[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(8): 3502-3514.
TAO H J, ZHAO M E, ZHENG Z, et al.Super twisting sliding mode control of DC microgrid DC-DC converter based on backflow power optimization[J].Power system technology, 2024, 48(8): 3502-3514.
[10] 李圣清, 文颜烯, 黄远鹏, 等. 基于改进型Super-twisting的双馈感应发电机直接功率控制[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(10): 529-535.
LI S Q, WEN Y X, HUANG Y P, et al.Direct power control of double-fed induction generator based on improved super-twisting[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(10): 529-535.
[11] 李奇, 李朔, 尹良震, 等. 基于扩张状态观测器的PEMFC发电系统串级滑模控制方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 1470-1481.
LI Q, LI S, YIN L Z, et al.Cascade sliding mode control strategy for PEMFC power generation system based on extended state observer[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(4): 1470-1481.
[12] 孙成硕, 戚志东, 叶伟琴, 等. 基于ALMBO算法的PEMFC分数阶时域子空间模型研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(1): 467-474.
SUN C S, QI Z D, YE W Q, et al.Research on fractional order time domain subspace model of PEMFC based on ALMBO algorithm[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2023, 44(1): 467-474.
[13] 刘昕宇. 基于机器学习的多堆PEMFC发电系统并发故障诊断方法研究[D]. 西安: 西南交通大学, 2023.
LIU X Y.Research on concurrent fault diagnosis method of multi-stack PEMFC system based on machine Learning[D]. Xi'an: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2023.
[14] 张安民. 质子交换膜燃料电池控制系统及控制策略的研究与实现[D]. 天津: 天津理工大学, 2019.
ZHANG A M.Research and implementation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell control system and control strategy[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Technology, 2019.
[15] 郑征, 毛绍冉. 比例积分型线性超螺旋算法滑模观测器的感应电机无传感器控制[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(8): 316-322.
ZHEN GZ,MAO S R.Sensorless control of induction motor based on proportional integral linear super twisting sliding mode observer[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(8): 316-322.
[16] 胡兵, 王小娟, 徐立军, 等. 基于KMO-PCA-BP的燃料电池堆输出电压预测方法[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(3): 12-19.
HU B, WANG X J, XU L J, et al.Output voltage prediction method of fuel cell stack based on KMO-PCA-BP[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(3): 12-19.
[17] WANG H Q, XU J L, SUN Y X, et al.Theoretical comparison, real-time emulation, and experiment validation of DC/DC converter for fuel cell electric vehicle[J]. IEEE access, 2024, 12: 56824-56835.
[18] YU S, FAN Y, SHI Z R, et al.The PEMFC-MHP-CHP system for independent energy supply and peak shaving: performance analysis under load fluctuations[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2024, 67: 863-874.
[19] 陈波, 蔡礼, 谢凡, 等. 光伏直流升压系统中级联DC/DC变流器的均流/均压控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(9): 169-179.
CHEN B, CAI L, XIE F, et al.Current sharing/voltage sharing control strategy of cascaded DC/DC converter for photovoltaic DC boost system[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2023, 44(9): 169-179.
[20] 胡存刚, 王海涛, 朱文杰, 等. 三相逆变器数字孪生系统的参数辨识研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51(11): 177-187.
HU C G, WANG H T, ZHU W J, et al.Parameter identification of three-phase inverters based on a digital twin system[J]. Protection and control of modern power systems, 2023, 51(11): 177-187.
基金
国家自然科学基金（51777120）; 上海市2021年度“科技创新行动计划”科技支撑碳达峰碳中和专项（第一批）（21DZ1207502）
PDF(3014 KB)
