该文针对相邻组件阴影遮挡条件下斜面辐射计算误差大的问题,提出一种改进的斜面辐射模型。该模型首先利用大气透射率进行天气分型,实现云层遮挡和前后排阴影遮挡的解耦,并根据太阳光线几何关系分析斜面直射,从而完成斜面上有无遮挡以及地面阴影区和非阴影区的划分;其次,根据天气分型和视域因子建模,对有直射辐射的云天和晴天,采用各向异性Hay模型计算散射辐射,而阴天选择各向同性Liu-Jordan模型;再次,利用各向同性模型结合地面和阵列背面的视域因子获得反射辐射;最后,建立数学模型并对倾角、间距和斜面总辐射的变化进行数值分析,进而优化光伏系统的安装方式。研究结果表明：该模型能更精细地计算阴影遮挡下的斜面总辐射且该方法对分布式光伏电站设计具有实用价值。
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an improved radiation calculation model to address the challenges associated with the imprecise calculation of radiation on inclined surfaces under shading conditions. The model first utilizes atmospheric transmissivity to classify weather types, determine whether sunlight is obstructed by clouds, and analyze the beam radiation on the inclined surface based on the geometry of the sun's rays. This allows for the classification of shaded and unshaded areas both on the inclined surface and on the ground. Secondly, based on the classified weather types and view factor modeling, the anisotropic Hay model is employed to estimate diffuse radiation for clear and partly cloudy days with beam radiation, while the isotropic Liu-Jordan model is used for overcast days. Thirdly, the isotropic model calculates the reflected radiation using the view factor to both the ground and the rear surface of the panels. Finally, a mathematical model is developed to numerically analyze the variations in tilt angle, the distance between adjacent arrays, and total radiation, leading to the optimization of PV array installations. The results demonstrate that the model can accurately estimate total radiation under shading conditions and that this methad is practically applicable to the design of distributed photovoltaic systems.
关键词
光伏系统 /
斜面总辐射 /
阴影遮挡 /
视域因子 /
优化
Key words
photovoltaic system /
total radiation on inclined surface /
shading /
view factor /
optimization
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目（12071298）; 西藏自治区科技计划项目（XZ202101ZD0015G）
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