为研究圆柱单向涡激振动锁定现象的机理,通过数值模拟结合用户自定义函数（UDF）和动网格技术实现流固耦合模拟。对比分析扰流与单向涡激振动两种工况下边界层分离过程及涡旋从生成到脱落前的运动轨迹。研究结果表明：单向涡激振动中,圆柱运动影响边界层分离,可显著降低涡旋脱落频率,在共振时尤为明显,从而导致频率锁定;在锁定状态下,圆柱剧烈运动迫使涡旋远离圆柱表面,边界层分离涡旋因失去挤压破碎消失,随着回流区域逐渐靠近圆柱,涡旋重新生成;涡激振动过程中,边界层分离后圆柱表面额外形成一个再附着涡旋,主流压迫下,再附着涡旋与边界层分离涡旋融合,生成更强涡旋。
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of frequency locking in unidirectional vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder, a fluid-structure interaction simulation was performed using a numerical approach incorporating UDF and dynamic mesh techniques. A comparative analysis was carried out on the boundary layer separation processes and the vortex trajectories, from formation to detachment, under two conditions： disturbed flow and unidirectional vortex-induced vibration. Results indicate that in unidirectional vortex-induced vibrations, the cylinder's motion influences boundary layer separation, significantly reducing vortex shedding frequency, particularly during resonance, leading to frequency locking. In the locked state, the vigorous motion of the cylinder forces the vortices away from its surface, causing the separated boundary-layer vortices to disappear due to the loss of compressive confinement. As the recirculation zone approaches the cylinder, new vortices regenerate. During vortex-induced vibrations, an additional reattachment vortex forms on the cylinder surface following boundary layer separation. Under the influence of the mainstream flow, the reattachment vortex merges with the separated boundary-layer vortex, generating a stronger vortex.
关键词
圆柱 /
涡旋脱落 /
计算流体力学 /
涡激振动 /
锁定现象 /
边界层分离
Key words
circular cylinders /
vortex shedding /
computational fluid dynamics /
vortex induced vibration /
frequency locking /
boundary layer separation
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基金
宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金（SGTYHT/23-JS-001）
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