为研究潮流能水轮机的局部冲刷发展规律,通过系列水槽实验,对比分析水轮机与单桩冲刷的异同,重点探讨桩柱、机舱和叶轮等结构组件对水轮机冲刷发展的影响机理。研究结果表明：水轮机冲刷过程初期,冲刷深度增长速率和冲刷剖面发展较后续其他阶段更为迅速;冲刷发展前期,水轮机的冲刷深度大于单桩冲刷,后期两者差异逐渐缩小;水轮机与同桩径的单桩相比,平衡状态的最大冲刷深度差异较小,前者的平衡最大冲深约为后者的110.9%,且其下游形成的淤积体体积更大。
Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the local scour process around a pile-supported tidal stream turbine. The research examines the temporal evolution of scour patterns, comparing turbine-induced scour with traditional monopile scour, while analyzing the distinct contributions of structural components （pile, nacelle, and rotor） to the overall scouring process. Results reveal that the initial scour development around the turbine exhibits accelerated profile evolution and depth progression compared to later stages. The turbine-induced scour depth exceeds that of the monopile during the early phase of the process, though this difference diminishes over time. At equilibrium, the maximum scour depth around the turbine approaches that of an equivalent-diameter monopile, reaching approximately 110% of the monopile scour depth. Notably, the turbine configuration generates a larger downstream sediment mound formation, attributed to the energy extraction process which reduces the flow's momentum and consequently diminishes its sediment transport capacity.
关键词
潮流能 /
桩基础 /
冲刷 /
潮流能水轮机 /
局部冲刷 /
冲刷剖面
Key words
tidal power /
pile foundations /
scouring /
tidal stream turbines /
local scour /
scour profile
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 游亚戈, 李伟, 刘伟民, 等. 海洋能发电技术的发展现状与前景[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(14): 1-12.
YOU Y G, LI W, LIU W M, et al.Development status and perspective of marine energy conversion systems[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2010, 34(14): 1-12.
[2] 魏东泽, 吴国荣, 郭欣, 等. 潮流能开发技术研究进展[J]. 可再生能源, 2014, 32(7): 1067-1074.
WEI D Z, WU G R, GUO X, et al.Research progress in exploration technology of tidal current energy[J]. Renewable energy resources, 2014, 32(7): 1067-1074.
[3] CHIEW Y M, MELVILLE B W.Local scour around bridge piers[J]. Journal of hydraulic research, 1987, 25(1): 15-26.
[4] 荆丰梅, 王毅, 郭彬, 等. 潮流能水轮机流场特性的数值与实验研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(8): 660-667.
JING F M, WANG Y, GUO B, et al.Numerical and experimental study of flow field characteristics of tidal energy turbines[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(8): 660-667.
[5] CHEN L, LAM W H.Methods for predicting seabed scour around marine current turbine[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2014, 29: 683-692.
[6] HILL C, MUSA M, CHAMORRO L P, et al.Local scour around a model hydrokinetic turbine in an erodible channel[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2014, 140(8): 04014037.
[7] CHEN L, HASHIM R, OTHMAN F, et al.Experimental study on scour profile of pile-supported horizontal axis tidal current turbine[J]. Renewable energy, 2017, 114: 744-754.
[8] ZHANG T M, LAM W H, CUI Y G, et al. Tip-bed velocity and scour depth of horizontal-axis tidal turbine with consideration of tip clearance[J]. Energies, 2019, 12(12): 2450:1-24.
[9] LIN X F, ZHANG J S, WANG R S, et al.Scour around a mono-pile foundation of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine under steady current[J]. Ocean engineering, 2019, 192: 106571.
[10] 张天明. 潮流能水轮机尾流及其海床冲刷研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2019.
ZHANG T M.Study of tip-bed velocity and scour depth of horizontal-axis tidal turbine[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2019.
[11] 钱宁, 万兆惠. 泥沙运动力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983.
QIAN N, WAN Z H.Mechanics of sediment transport[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1983.
[12] PAYNE G S, STALLARD T, MARTINEZ R.Design and manufacture of a bed supported tidal turbine model for blade and shaft load measurement in turbulent flow and waves[J]. Renewable energy, 2017, 107: 312-326.
[13] 李伟, 史宏达, 刘臻, 等. 中国海洋能研究现状及未来发展建议[J]. 太阳能, 2024(7): 79-88.
LI W, SHI H D, LIU Z, et al.Research progress of ocean energy in China and its development proposals[J]. Solar energy, 2024(7): 79-88.
[14] CHAMORRO L P, HILL C, MORTON S, et al.On the interaction between a turbulent open channel flow and an axial-flow turbine[J]. Journal of fluid mechanics, 2013, 716: 658-670.
[15] HOFFMANS G J, VERHEIJ H J.Scour manual[M]. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1997.
[16] 罗爱泽, 程年生, 卢叶盛, 等. 平面射流冲刷初期的流场特性与输沙率研究[J]. 泥沙研究, 2023, 48(4): 17-23, 31.
LUO A Z, CHENG N S, LU Y S, et al.Study on flow field characteristics and sediment transport rate in initial stage of plane-jet induced scour[J]. Journal of sediment research, 2023, 48(4): 17-23, 31.
基金
浙江省自然科学基金（LY23E090003）; 舟山市科技计划（2022C81007）; 中国水利水电科学研究院水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室开放研究基金（IWHR-SEDI-202104)
PDF(2320 KB)
