为研究下击暴流作用下风力机的动力响应特性,利用物理模拟器生成不同高宽比工况下的下击暴流风场,结合FAST软件,以NREL 5 MW风力机为研究对象,研究下击暴流风场不同径向距离处风力机的动力响应,对比分析停机偏航角和停机位置对叶片、塔基结构动力响应的影响规律。研究表明：在下击暴流风场,随着高宽比的减小风场中的峰值风速明显增加,随着竖向高度的增加水平风速竖直风剖面呈现先增后减的分布特征;风场中径向位置、停机偏航角度以及停机位置对风力机结构响应影响显著;在下击暴流正下方区域附近,风力机的叶根内力达到峰值;在停机偏航角30°附近,叶片出现气弹失稳现象,同时叶根弯矩最大值可达78.29 MN·m,塔基弯矩最大值可达108 MN·m;在径向距离400 m、停机偏航角30°附近,出现叶片发生气弹失稳引起的塔筒振动现象,结构损坏的风险显著增加,若风力机叶片达到极限承载弯矩易发生链式气动失稳,导致整体破坏;采取停机偏航角为0°并处于停机状态的风力机,在应对下击暴流极端条件时最为有利。
Abstract
To study the dynamic response characteristics of wind turbines under downburst conditions, a physical simulator is used to generate the downburst wind field under varying aspect ratios. Combined with FAST software, the NREL 5 MW wind turbine serves as the research object to investigate the dynamic response of wind turbines at different positions within the downburst wind field. The effects of yaw angle and shutdown position on the dynamic response of the blades and tower base structure are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that as the aspect ratio decreases in downburst flows, the peak wind speed increases significantly. The horizontal wind speed vertical profile varies, initially rising and then falling with height. Radial position, yaw angle, and shutdown position notably impact the structural response of the wind turbine. Near the region directly beneath the downburst the blade root experiences peak internal forces. At a yaw angle of approximately 30°, the blade may exhibit aeroelastic instability, reaching maximum bending moments at the blade root of 78.29 MN·m and at the tower base of 108 MN·m. When the wind turbine is at a radial distance of 400 meters and a yaw angle of 30° during shutdown, aerodynamic instability in the blade triggers vibrations in the tower, thereby significantly elevating the risk of structural damage. If the blade reaches its ultimate load-bearing moment, it can lead to chain aeroelastic instability and overall structural damage. Wind turbines with a shutdown yaw angle of 0° and in the shutdown state are most advantageous when facing extreme downburst conditions.
关键词
风力机 /
动力响应 /
风轮 /
下击暴流 /
风场特性 /
链式气动失稳
Key words
wind turbines /
dynamic response /
rotors /
downburst /
wind field characteristics /
chain aeroelastic instability
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB4201501; 2022YFC3004105）; 湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划（T2022002）
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